Department
When we think about al-Andalus, we often imagine magnificent mosques, elegant arches, flowing fountains, and cities illuminated by art and science. Yet al-Andalus was far more than a geographical region or a historical period. It was a civilization built upon …
Following the European siege and capture of the Holy City on July 15, 1099, the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem and the rest of the "Crusader states"—the County of Edessa, the County of Tripoli, and the Principality of Antioch—were definitively established. The Lat…
Located in the heart of Central Asia, Bukhara represents not only a geographical center but also the spiritual and intellectual core of Islamic civilization. From its founding through the Samanid period to its recognition as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the c…